Risk of cardiac rises when temperature dips in winter

Dr Prabhudev

Bengaluru, Nov. 25: High risk of Heart Attacks in winter!
Among seasonal illnesses that strike in winter, flu and bronchitis and pneumonia have another sinister companion – early morning heart attacks – A.M. surge!

Early mornings of winters are the prime time for heart attacks in those with comorbidities like Diabetes, high BP and High cholesterol.

Heart attacks are caused by inflammation, oxidative stress and immune dysfunction in the lining of our blood vessels that causes plaques to rupture, platelets to clot and disrupt the blood supply to the heart. There is an incidental risk of strokes, heart failure, cardiovascular issues, arrhythmias and disorders in the colder months.
Are heart attacks more common during winters? If so, why?

• Heart attacks increase by 11 percent every time the temperature drops by 2.9 degree Celsius over a period of 24 hours. Yes, there’s a surge in heart attacks during winter – Heart attacks increase during winters by about more than 30%.

• Sympathetic nervous system activation is increased during winters resulting in narrowing of the blood vessels – vasoconstriction and elevation of blood pressure, increasing the risk of heart attacks and strokes. Elders, in particular, are susceptible because of a vulnerable temperature control mechanism.

• Changes in blood rheology including increased platelet activation, increased fibrinogen, and increased viscosity, and hazardous effect on blood pressure- a combination of these factors may trigger an acute cardiac event.

• Those with previous heart attacks are highly vulnerable for repeat heart attacks in winters.

People suffering from Angina- chest pain on effort, need to be extra vigilant. The cold limits blood flow and reduces supply of oxygen to the heart, which leads to heart attack. Further Seasonal Affective Disorder – SAD, can increase levels of stress hormones, thereby, increasing the risk of heart attack and stroke.

How can you reduce your risk and stay safe?

• Any difficulty in breathing, heaviness in the chest, sweatiness, shoulder pain, jaw pain, dizziness or nausea should be taken seriously. Do not delay getting help.

• Keep body temperature stable and optimal.

• With a higher risk during the winters make sure you are dressed appropriately.
Regular physical activity and exercise boost your immunity. Home workouts, heart-friendly aerobic moves, yoga and meditation also work wonders. Reduce the risk of comorbidities- sugar control, BP control and No smoking are very crucial in reducing the risk. There can also be a tendency to have spicy, fried foods, some of which can be high on cholesterol, sugars and fats. Also limit the consumption of alcohol and tobacco. Preventive medical check-ups go a long way in reducing the risks of acute heart events!

Cardiovascular disease remains the number one killer worldwide. Despite undisputed evidence of what causes heart disease, these numbers have not changed. Information and knowledge is only valuable if it is acted upon and implemented. We must change our habits if we wish to change the course of our own health.

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